冷再生簡單來說，它可以在常溫狀態(tài)下，對舊路面材料進(jìn)行再生利用，是一種高效率、多用途的施工機(jī)械。其工作原理并不復(fù)雜，主要是通過銑刨、破碎舊路面，然后添加特定的穩(wěn)定劑、新骨料等材料，在現(xiàn)場直接進(jìn)行拌和，最后重新攤鋪、壓實(shí)，形成新的路面結(jié)構(gòu)層。

　　Simply put, cold recycling is a highly efficient and versatile construction machinery that can recycle old pavement materials at room temperature. Its working principle is not complicated, mainly by milling and crushing the old road surface, then adding specific stabilizers, new aggregates and other materials, mixing directly on site, and finally re paving and compacting to form a new road structure layer.

　　冷再生技術(shù)的開端最早可以追溯到20世紀(jì)早期的美國，當(dāng)時(shí)主要是對舊瀝青路面材料進(jìn)行簡單的回收和再利用嘗試，處于技術(shù)探索的初級(jí)階段。經(jīng)過一個(gè)多世紀(jì)的發(fā)展，冷再生技術(shù)在歐美等發(fā)達(dá)國家已經(jīng)非常成熟，成為道路養(yǎng)護(hù)的常規(guī)技術(shù)。各種冷再生工藝和設(shè)備不斷涌現(xiàn)，如就地冷再生技術(shù)、廠拌冷再生技術(shù)等得到廣泛應(yīng)用，并且在再生材料的性能研究、配合比設(shè)計(jì)、施工質(zhì)量控制等方面都形成了完善的技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和規(guī)范。

　　The beginning of cold recycling technology can be traced back to the early 20th century in the United States, when simple attempts were made to recycle and reuse old asphalt pavement materials, which was in the early stages of technological exploration. After more than a century of development, cold recycling technology has become very mature in developed countries such as Europe and America, and has become a routine technology for road maintenance. Various cold recycling processes and equipment continue to emerge, such as on-site cold recycling technology, factory mixed cold recycling technology, etc., which have been widely applied, and have formed complete technical standards and specifications in the performance research, mix design, construction quality control, and other aspects of recycled materials.

　　按照工作原理，冷再生機(jī)械大致可分為物理破碎式和化學(xué)再生式。物理破碎式冷再生機(jī)主要依靠機(jī)械的力量，將舊路面材料打碎，再與新的膠結(jié)料混合實(shí)現(xiàn)再生；化學(xué)再生式冷再生機(jī)則是借助添加化學(xué)藥劑，分解舊路面材料中的有害物質(zhì)，提升材料的再生性能。我們現(xiàn)在常見的基本上都是物理破碎式的。

　　According to the working principle, cold recycling machinery can be roughly divided into physical crushing type and chemical recycling type. The physical crushing cold recycling machine mainly relies on mechanical force to crush the old pavement material and mix it with new binder to achieve regeneration; The chemical regeneration cold regeneration machine utilizes the addition of chemical agents to decompose harmful substances in old road surface materials and improve their regeneration performance. What we commonly see now is basically physical fragmentation.

　　這項(xiàng)技術(shù)聽起來近乎完美，實(shí)際應(yīng)用中，它也確實(shí)有著令人矚目的優(yōu)勢。在成本方面，就地冷再生技術(shù)充分利用舊路面材料，減少了新材料的采購和運(yùn)輸費(fèi)用。據(jù)相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)顯示，與傳統(tǒng)的道路維修方法相比，采用就地冷再生技術(shù)，總投資可節(jié)省 20%-50% 。像在一些缺乏砂石材料的偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)，使用就地冷再生技術(shù)，大大降低了因材料運(yùn)輸產(chǎn)生的高額成本。

　　This technology sounds almost perfect, and in practical applications, it does have remarkable advantages. In terms of cost, on-site cold recycling technology fully utilizes old pavement materials, reducing the procurement and transportation costs of new materials. According to relevant data, compared with traditional road maintenance methods, adopting on-site cold recycling technology can save a total investment of 20% -50%. In some remote areas lacking sand and gravel materials, the use of on-site cold recycling technology greatly reduces the high costs incurred by material transportation.

　　在工期上，就地冷再生工序簡單，無需對舊料進(jìn)行運(yùn)輸、破碎等繁瑣工藝，而且很多設(shè)備可以一次性完成銑刨、破碎、添加、拌和及攤鋪等操作，施工效率大幅提高。在一些交通繁忙的路段，半幅施工、半幅通車的方式，能將施工對交通的影響降到最低，有效縮短了施工周期。在廣西省道 204 平南馬練至芳田公路瀝青路面養(yǎng)護(hù)大中修工程中，泡沫瀝青混凝土就地冷再生技術(shù)的應(yīng)用，讓 100 多米嶄新的路面在短短半個(gè)小時(shí)內(nèi)就隨著維特根 380 機(jī)組的移動(dòng)呈現(xiàn)出來，極大地提高了施工效率 。

　　In terms of construction period, the on-site cold recycling process is simple, without the need for cumbersome processes such as transportation and crushing of old materials. Moreover, many equipment can complete milling, crushing, adding, mixing, and paving operations in one go, greatly improving construction efficiency. In some busy traffic sections, the method of half width construction and half width opening to traffic can minimize the impact of construction on traffic and effectively shorten the construction period. In the large and medium-sized maintenance project of Guangxi Provincial Highway 204 Pingnan Malian Fangtian Highway asphalt pavement, the application of foam asphalt concrete on-site cold recycling technology has made a new pavement of more than 100 meters appear in just half an hour with the movement of Wittgen 380 unit, greatly improving the construction efficiency.

　　從環(huán)保角度來講，它簡直是道路維修界的 “環(huán)保標(biāo)兵”。舊料 100% 就地利用，減少了新材料的開采，降低了對自然資源的破壞，也避免了舊料運(yùn)輸和廢料處理過程中可能產(chǎn)生的環(huán)境污染。就像在國道 358 線藤縣永康至羅密選段瀝青路面大修工程中，泡沫瀝青就地冷再生技術(shù)的運(yùn)用，有效節(jié)省了 95% 以上的材料、運(yùn)輸成本以及 60% 以上的加熱能源使用，并減少了 80% 以上的碳排放 。在如今倡導(dǎo) “碳達(dá)峰、碳中和” 的大環(huán)境下，這種綠色環(huán)保的技術(shù)，無疑是道路養(yǎng)護(hù)領(lǐng)域的 “香餑餑” 。

　　From an environmental perspective, it is simply a "environmental model" in the road maintenance industry. 100% on-site utilization of old materials reduces the extraction of new materials, minimizes damage to natural resources, and avoids environmental pollution that may occur during the transportation and waste disposal of old materials. Just like in the asphalt pavement overhaul project of Tengxian Yongkang Luomi section of National Highway 358, the application of foam asphalt in place cold recycling technology has effectively saved more than 95% of materials, transportation costs, and more than 60% of heating energy use, and reduced more than 80% of carbon emissions. In the current environment of advocating "carbon peak and carbon neutrality", this green and environmentally friendly technology is undoubtedly a "hot commodity" in the field of road maintenance.

　　這項(xiàng)技術(shù)聽起來近乎完美，但現(xiàn)實(shí)往往與夢想差距很大。首先在施工效率方面，就存在著明顯的短板。冷再生機(jī)的現(xiàn)場施工速度較慢，通常每天工作 10 小時(shí) ，一臺(tái)冷再生機(jī)只能完成 9 米寬路面 300 米左右的基層施工。這就意味著，對于一些大規(guī)模的道路維修工程，施工周期可能會(huì)被拉長。比如在一些交通流量大、工期緊張的城市主干道維修中，這樣的施工速度可能無法滿足盡快恢復(fù)交通的需求，給市民的出行帶來不便。

　　This technology may sound almost perfect, but reality often falls far short of dreams. There are obvious shortcomings in terms of construction efficiency. The on-site construction speed of the cold recycling machine is relatively slow, usually working for 10 hours a day. One cold recycling machine can only complete the base construction of about 300 meters on a 9-meter-wide road surface. This means that for some large-scale road maintenance projects, the construction period may be extended. For example, in the maintenance of main roads in cities with high traffic flow and tight schedules, such construction speed may not be able to meet the needs of restoring traffic as soon as possible, causing inconvenience to citizens' travel.

　　還有就是材料不好控制。以水泥為例，在水泥撒布過程中，還存在水泥散失的問題。采用水泥干法撒布時(shí)，自然風(fēng)或車輛行駛鼓起的風(fēng)，很容易揚(yáng)起水泥，造成水泥揚(yáng)塵，不僅浪費(fèi)材料，還會(huì)對周圍環(huán)境造成污染 。水泥劑量的不穩(wěn)定，會(huì)直接影響到再生路面的強(qiáng)度和穩(wěn)定性 。在瀝青砂團(tuán)粘輪問題上，由于瀝青發(fā)泡后與冷銑刨料拌和時(shí)，瀝青的殘余粘性使得低溫態(tài)的瀝青砂團(tuán)容易向表層浮動(dòng)。壓路機(jī)碾壓時(shí)，瀝青砂團(tuán)破裂，瀝青外溢粘結(jié)在鋼輪上，不僅會(huì)使基層表面出現(xiàn)小坑小洼，影響路面平整度，還會(huì)導(dǎo)致實(shí)際瀝青用量降低，影響路面質(zhì)量 。

　　Another issue is the difficulty in controlling the materials. Taking cement as an example, there is still a problem of cement loss during the process of spreading cement. When using dry spreading of cement, natural winds or wind generated by vehicle movement can easily raise cement and cause dust, which not only wastes materials but also pollutes the surrounding environment. The instability of cement dosage will directly affect the strength and stability of recycled pavement. In the problem of asphalt sand clumps sticking to wheels, the residual viscosity of asphalt after foaming and mixing with cold milling materials makes it easy for low-temperature asphalt sand clumps to float to the surface. When the road roller is rolling, the asphalt sand ball breaks, and the asphalt overflows and sticks to the steel wheel. This not only causes small pits and depressions on the surface of the base layer, affecting the smoothness of the road surface, but also reduces the actual amount of asphalt used, affecting the quality of the road surface.

　　再者離析缺陷也是一個(gè)不容忽視的問題，尤其是縱向離析。就地冷再生機(jī)的刀頭寬度一般在 2.4米左右，施工時(shí)需要單機(jī)多次前進(jìn)與倒車銜接。在這個(gè)過程中，由于每次施工的銜接部位以及刀頭不同位置的切削、拌和情況存在差異，容易導(dǎo)致縱向離析。離析會(huì)使路面材料的級(jí)配不均勻，影響路面的整體強(qiáng)度和穩(wěn)定性，縮短路面的使用壽命。比如在一些重載交通路段，離析部位更容易出現(xiàn)早期損壞，如坑槽、松散等 。

　　Furthermore, segregation defects are also an issue that cannot be ignored, especially vertical segregation. The blade width of the on-site cold recycling machine is generally around 2.4 meters, and it requires multiple forward and reverse connections of the single machine during construction. During this process, due to differences in the cutting and mixing conditions at the connection points and different positions of the blade during each construction, it is easy to cause longitudinal segregation. Segregation can cause uneven grading of pavement materials, affecting the overall strength and stability of the pavement, and shortening its service life. For example, in some heavy traffic sections, early damage such as potholes and looseness is more likely to occur in isolated areas.

　　還有就是再生后的路面只能作為道路基層甚至底基層使用，需要重新攤鋪面層。這就導(dǎo)致了只能在一些路面高程要求不高的地方使用。像國省道一些穿越橋梁涵洞的地方因?yàn)橛械缆穬艨找?，就不能改變道路高程。特別是高速公路，高速上的龍門架、互通匝道的路面高程都是固定的，如果改變某一處的高程，那就會(huì)引起一連串的連鎖反應(yīng)。

　　Another issue is that the regenerated road surface can only be used as a road base or even a sub base, and needs to be re paved with a new surface layer. This results in its use only in areas with low road elevation requirements. Places like national and provincial roads that cross bridges and culverts cannot change the road elevation due to road clearance requirements. Especially on highways, the elevation of the gantry and interchange ramps is fixed. If the elevation of a certain point is changed, it will cause a series of chain reactions.

　　最后一點(diǎn)就是冷再生的再生厚度。理論上冷再生的再生厚度可以達(dá)到500mm，但是這個(gè)厚度是毫無意義的，因?yàn)槟敲春竦暮穸炔捎贸Ｒ?guī)方法是無法達(dá)到壓實(shí)要求的。但里面加的膠結(jié)料凝結(jié)時(shí)間跟基層的平整度要求又決定了不能使用重夯、沖擊碾壓等施工工藝。這就決定了它無法改變道路結(jié)構(gòu)深層破壞的問題。

　　The last point is the regeneration thickness of cold regeneration. In theory, the regeneration thickness of cold regeneration can reach 500mm, but this thickness is meaningless because conventional methods cannot meet the compaction requirements for such a thick thickness. But the setting time of the bonding material added inside and the requirement for the flatness of the base layer also determine that construction techniques such as heavy compaction and impact rolling cannot be used. This determines that it cannot change the problem of deep damage to the road structure.

　　正在進(jìn)行灰土拌合的冷再生所以直至現(xiàn)在，冷再生也只是普遍作為一種灰土基層的施工機(jī)械來使用。

　　Cold recycling is currently being carried out for lime soil mixing, so until now, cold recycling has only been widely used as a construction machinery for lime soil base.

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